The Hindu religious text Manusmriti describes Brahmavarta as the region between the rivers Saraswati and Drishadwati in India.

Brahmavarta – The Adobe of Gods

The Hindu religious text Manusmriti describes Brahmavarta as the region between the rivers Saraswati and Drishadwati in India. The text defines the area as the place where the “good” people are born with “goodness” being dependent on location rather than behavior.

Etymology of Brahmavarta

The name has been translated in various ways, including “holy land”, “sacred land”, “abode of gods”, and “the scene of creation”.

Location

The exact location and size of the region have been the subject of academic uncertainty. Some scholars, such as the archaeologists Bridget and Raymond Allchin, believe the term Brahmavarta to be synonymous with the Aryavarta region.

Manusmriti’s Description

According to Manusmriti, the simplicity of a place and its inhabitants decreased the further it was from Brahmavarta. 

Aryan (noble) people were believed to inhabit the “good” area and the proportion of Mleccha (barbarian) people in the population rose as the distance from it increased. 

This implies a series of concentric circles of decreasing purity as one moved away from the Brahmavarta center.

The translation of Manusmriti made by Patrick Olivelle, a professor of Sanskrit, says:

The land created by the gods and lying between the divine rivers Saraswati and Drishadwati is called ‘Brahmavarta’ – the region of Brahman. The conduct handed down from generation to generation among the social classes and the intermediate classes of that land is called the ‘conduct of good people’. Kuruksetra and the lands of the Matsyas, Pancalas, and Surasenakas constitute the ‘land of Brahmin seers’, which borders on the Brahmavarta. All the people on earth should learn their respective practices from a Brahmin born in that land.

French Indologist on Brahmavarta

The French Indologist who later converted to Hinduism, Alain Daniélou, notes that the Rig Veda, which is an earlier Hindu text, describes the region later known as Brahmavarta as the heartland of Aryan communities and the geography described in it suggests that those communities had not moved much beyond the area. He says that later texts, contained in the Brahmanas, indicate that the center of religious activity had moved from Brahmavarta to an adjacent area southeast of it known as Brahmarisihidesha. 

A seal dated to the Gupta period with the inscription ‘Brahma Varta” was excavated from Purana Qila, Delhi.

>>> Read about Geographical Background of Indian History

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